Why Californians are fleeing this once-Golden State


(Robert Gauthier/Los Angeles Times)

By George Skelton Capitol Journal Columnist April 8, 2024 3 AM PT

SACRAMENTO -

It seems only yesterday that California's population was nearly 40 million. Then more people left the state. Now we're not even at 39 million.

The U.S. Census Bureau reported in March that California's population as of last July had dropped to an estimated 38,965,000. That's down by 75,400 in a year - and 573,000 below California's peak of 39.5 million in 2020.

Entering this century, when California's still-growing population was 34 million, we were predicted to reach 45 million by 2020 and almost 60 million by 2040. So much for that.

People have been fleeing this once-Golden State. And the exodus accelerated on Gov. Gavin Newsom's watch.

That probably won't be accentuated in Newsom's State of the State speech - if he ever gives one this year. It's already three months past the time governors traditionally have delivered their much-anticipated, annual address.

Newsom hates giving prepared speeches. But he loves pitching California. And a bolting citizenry doesn't fit his usual narrative that all's terrific.

Anyway, the fact that Newsom has been governor while constituents flee the state is mostly coincidental. Sure, state public policy decisions have helped motivate some people to leave. But they probably would have departed no matter who the governor was.

California just got too big for its carrying capacity - at least in the sprawling, ranch-house lifestyle that so many people covet and symbolizes the state's easy-living persona.

"Grow and grow and grow and eventually there's not enough room," says Hans Johnson, a demographer at the _nonpartisan Public Policy Institute of California_ .

"The easy places for growth have been used up. Growth today means infill development [in cities]. That's expensive and controversial. Or you live further away from your job."

Or leave the state and find cheaper housing almost anywhere.

LOS ANGELES, CA - APRIL 23, 2020: Construction is underway at 2900 Wilshire Blvd., a $300 million high-rise apartment complex in Koreatown on April 23, 2020, in Los Angeles, California. ({Dania Maxwell} / {Los Angeles Times})

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Out-of-state migration is the main cause of California's continuing population loss. But there are other reasons too.

Post-World War II baby boomers - those born between 1946 and 1964 - are starting to die. And their kids and grandkids haven't been producing enough babies to replace them.

"California's fertility rate has fallen faster than most [states]," the public policy institute reported in October. "In 2008 its rate was above the national average (2.15). By 2020, it fell to the seventh lowest (1.52)."

The COVID-19 pandemic took a death toll, particularly on older people. Overall, deaths in California increased by 19% in 2020 over the previous year, the institute reported.

The pandemic also virtually shut down foreign immigration into California. It had been the main driver of population growth for several years. When COVID struck, visa restrictions were invoked to reduce the virus' spread.

Legal and undocumented immigration have increased since the pandemic, "but not to prior levels - nowhere near," Johnson says.

"California is no longer the preferred destination it used to be."

For one thing, Johnson says, Mexico's birth rate has significantly declined and its labor market is less competitive. Fewer Mexicans are heading north searching for work, although many Central Americans are seeking asylum, mostly in other states. ** And another thing - something demographers usually don't delve into: Trump administration policies clamped down especially on illegal immigration. The Biden administration eased up.

A woman stands near her children while their grandmother sits. Jennifer Balek, 39, left, her children Zach Kight, 15, Hannah Kight, 12, and their grandmother Tina Bailey, talk while working on a puzzle in the dinning room of the Balek home in Rockwall, Texas. Like many Californians, insurance broker Jennifer Balek took advantage of pandemic-induced opportunities to work from home by moving to another state. (Ben Torres / For The Times)

But "the biggest reason we're losing population is that people are moving out," Johnson says. "That has slowed, but we're still losing hundreds of thousands to other states." That's a net loss after factoring in people moving to California.

And why are they leaving? Mainly because of _California's high cost of living, particularly housing_ . That's the biggest reason movers cite.

The median cost of a California house was nearly $800,000 in November, more than double the $336,000 you'd pay in Texas, according to Redfin housing market data. In neighboring Arizona and Nevada, it was $435,000 and $479,000, respectively. These are destination states for departing Californians.

LOS ANGELES, CA - NOVEMBER 11: Several trails feed into the Mt Hollywood Trail leading to the peak of Mount Hollywood at 1,625 ft which is the second tallest peak in Griffith Park. The trails provide amazing views of the Griffith Observatory, downtown Los Angeles, the Hollywood Sign and views to the Pacific Ocean on clear days. much more. There are many trails that lead to Mt. Hollywood, but a favorite trail begins near the Ferndell Nature Area. Griffith Park on Thursday, Nov. 11, 2021 in Los Angeles, CA. (Al Seib / Los Angeles Times).

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Blame California's high costs of land and labor plus regulatory quagmires and neighborhood resistance to growth. Newsom and legislators have been wrestling with these issues for years and enacted new laws, but they haven't generated much progress_in making home buying more affordable_ .

During the pandemic, Johnson says, highly educated people with the opportunity to work remotely began leaving California because they could find affordable housing and do their jobs at home _rather than commute long distances_ .

Also, higher-income _people began leaving for states ____such as__Texas_ and Nevada that don't impose income taxes. California has the nation's highest state income tax rate, 13.3%. We also have high sales and gas taxes. We're a high tax state, a fact Newsom pooh-poohs.

AUSTIN, TEXAS - APRIL 11: In an aerial view, the downtown skyline is seen on April 11, 2023 in Austin, Texas. The city of Austin has been ranked as the top destination of U.S. job markets for the second consecutive year, according to data collected by The Wall Street Journal. (Photo by Brandon Bell/Getty Images)

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There's evidence that some conservatives are leaving California because they can't tolerate our liberal politics.

Many probably didn't like Newsom's shuttering of shops and schools during the pandemic. Other states were less restrictive.

The Idaho secretary of state reported in November that of nearly 30,000 ex-Californians who had moved to the Gem State, 75% registered to vote as Republicans. Only 10% signed up as Democrats.

That's bad news for the declining California GOP.

What else does California's continued population loss mean?

More room on the freeways and less congestion generally.

Less stress on our unstable water supply.

But also less tax revenue. With the top 20% of earners - those families making at least $120,000 a year - supplying 91% of the state income tax, a continued exodus is sure to lighten the Sacramento pocketbook. The state currently is facing a budget deficit of tens of billions of dollars. There's an argument over the exact amount.

California _loses national political clout as people leave_ . We'll probably surrender two more U.S. House seats after the 2030 census. We lost one in 2020 when we were still growing.

One way to make California more enticing would be to offer a benefit that worked well for generations until the state got greedy in the 1970s: Free tuition at public universities for California residents. That would at least help prevent a brain drain.

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